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dc.contributor.authorMaloney, Sean J.
dc.contributor.authorTurner, Anthony
dc.contributor.authorFletcher, Iain M.
dc.contributor.illustrator
dc.date.accessioned2020-07-27T14:47:37Z
dc.date.available2020-07-27T14:47:37Z
dc.date.issued2014-06-19
dc.identifier.citationMaloney S, Turner A, Fletcher I (2014) 'Ballistic exercise as a pre-activation stimulus: a review of the literature and practical applications', Sports Medicine, 44 (10), pp.1347-1359.en_US
dc.identifier.issn0112-1642
dc.identifier.pmid24943044
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s40279-014-0214-6
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10547/624284
dc.description.abstractPost-activation potentiation (PAP) refers to the acute enhancement of muscular function as a direct result of its contractile history. Protocols designed to elicit PAP have commonly employed heavy resistance exercise (HRE) as the pre-activation stimulus; however, a growing body of research suggests that low-load ballistic exercises (BE) may also provide an effective stimulus. The ability to elicit PAP without the need for heavy equipment would make it easier to utilise prior to competition. It is hypothesised that BE can induce PAP given the high recruitment of type II muscle fibres associated with its performance. The literature has reported augmentations in power performance typically ranging from 2 to 5 %. The performance effects of BE are modulated by loading, recovery and physical characteristics. Jumps performed with an additional loading, such as depth jumps or weighted jumps, appear to be the most effective activities for inducing PAP. Whilst the impact of recovery duration on subsequent performance requires further research, durations of 1–6 min have been prescribed successfully in multiple instances. The effect of strength and sex on the PAP response to BE is not yet clear. Direct comparisons of BE and HRE, to date, suggest a tendency for HRE protocols to be more effective; future research should consider that these strategies must be optimised in different ways. The role of acute augmentations in lower limb stiffness is proposed as an additional mechanism that may further explain the PAP response following BE. In summary, BE demonstrates the potential to enhance performance in power tasks such as jumps and sprints. This review provides the reader with some practical recommendations for the application of BE as a pre-activation stimulus.en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherSpringer International Publishingen_US
dc.relation.urlhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs40279-014-0214-6en_US
dc.rightsGreen - can archive pre-print and post-print or publisher's version/PDF
dc.subjectballistic exerciseen_US
dc.titleBallistic exercise as a pre-activation stimulus: a review of the literature and practical applicationsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.identifier.journalSports Medicineen_US
dc.date.updated2020-07-27T14:45:14Z
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