The occurrence and potential health risk of microcystins in drinking water of rural areas in China.
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2018-12-26Subjects
canceralgae
carcinogenicity
China
developmental toxicity
drinking water
genotoxicity
hepatic toxicity
liver cancer
microcystins
neurotoxicity
renal toxicity
reproductive toxicity
B220 Toxicology
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Reference module in earth systems and environmental sciencesAbstract
Large-scale use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in agricultural production, environmental pollution and climate warming cause frequent algal blooms and the generation of algal toxins in water bodies in China. Algal pollution is increasing and microcystins (MCs) are detectable in both surface and ground water in China at sub- μg/L and μg/L levels. Toxicological studies show that microcystins have hepatic and renal toxicity, genotoxicity, tumor-promoting effects, neurotoxicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity. Epidemiological evidence from China further reveals that chronic exposure to MCs through drinking water and liver cancer are positively correlated and demonstrate that MCs in drinking water are a main risk factor in liver cancer. Effectively controlled water pollution, reduced sewage discharge, and enhanced wastewater treatments are pivotal measures to control algal pollution and toxins in the drinking water of rural China.Citation
Zheng W, Yang L, Ma W, Huang Y, Crabbe MJC, Qu W (2018) 'The occurrence and potential health risk of microcystins in drinking water of rural areas in China.', in Elias S (ed(s).). Reference module in earth systems and environmental sciences : Elsevier pp.-.Publisher
ElsevierType
Book chapterLanguage
enae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.11541-6
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