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    Washback in language assessment

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    Authors
    Green, Anthony
    Issue Date
    2012-11-05
    Subjects
    language assessment
    
    Metadata
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    Other Titles
    The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics
    Abstract
    “Washback” (alternatively“backwash”) is a term used in education to describe the influence, whether beneficial or damaging, of an assessment on the teaching and learning that precedes and prepares for that assessment. Over the past thirty years, washback, often conceived as one instance of “impact” or the range of effects, that assessment may have on society more generally, has become established as a popular topic for applied linguistics research. Studies have covered a variety of contexts from national and international tests administered to millions of test takers to the classroom assessment practices of individual teachers. Researchers have employed a range of methods including small-scale observational studies and much more extensive questionnaire surveys, often making use of mixed methods to access different perspectives on the issues. These have revealed washback to be a complex phenomenon, closely associated with and affected by established practices, beliefs and attitudes. Although test developers increasingly recognize the importance of washback and impact in evaluating assessment use, it remains to be fully integrated into standard validation practice.
    Citation
    Green, A.B. (2012) 'Washback in language assessment', in Chapelle, C.A. (ed(s).). The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics, edn, Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell pp.-.
    Publisher
    Wiley-Blackwell
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10547/622965
    Additional Links
    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781405198431
    Type
    Book chapter
    Language
    en
    ISBN
    9781405194730
    Collections
    English language learning and assessment

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