2024-03-28T11:45:07Zhttp://uobrep.openrepository.com/oai/requestoai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2255922019-12-17T12:15:43Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
Acute hypoxia and exercise improve insulin sensitivity (SI2*) in individuals with type 2 diabetes
Mackenzie, Richard W.
Maxwell, Neil S.
Castle, Paul C.
Brickley, Gary
Watt, Peter
2012-05-23T11:52:12Z
2012-05-23T11:52:12Z
2011
Mackenzie, R., Maxwell, N., Castle, P., Brickley, G., and Watt, P. (2011) 'Acute hypoxia and exercise improve insulin sensitivity (SI2*) in individuals with type 2 diabetes', Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 27(1) pp. 94-101.
15207552
10.1002/dmrr.1156
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/225592
Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews
en
http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/dmrr.1156
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2255842020-04-23T07:28:41Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
Intermittent exercise with and without hypoxia improves insulin sensitivity in individuals with type 2 diabetes
Mackenzie, Richard W.
Maxwell, Neil S.
Castle, Paul C.
Elliott, B.
Brickley, Gary
Watt, Peter
University of Westminster
hypoxia
insulin sensitivity
type 2 diabetes
Hypoxia and muscle contraction stimulate glucose transport activity in vitro. Exercise and hypoxia have additive effects on insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetics (T2D).
2012-05-23T13:21:36Z
2012-05-23T13:21:36Z
2012-04
Mackenzie, R., Maxwell, N., Castle, P., Elliott, B., Brickley, G., Watt, P. (2012) 'Intermittent exercise with and without hypoxia improves insulin sensitivity in individuals with type 2 diabetes', Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism, 97(4) E546-55.
1945-7197
22278428
10.1210/jc.2011-2829
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/225584
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
en
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2255862020-04-23T07:28:43Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
Precooling can prevent the reduction of self-paced exercise intensity in the heat
Duffield, Rob
Green, Robbie
Castle, Paul C.
Maxwell, Neil S.
Charles Sturt University
Adult
Athletic Performance
Body Temperature Regulation
Cryotherapy
Exercise Test
Hot Temperature
Humans
Male
Physical Exertion
Young Adult
This study investigated the effects of precooling on performance and pacing during self-paced endurance cycling in the heat and, further, the effects of cooling on contractile function as a mechanism for performance changes.
2012-05-23T13:27:44Z
2012-05-23T13:27:44Z
2010-03
Duffield, R., Green, R., Castle, P., and Maxwell, N. (2010) 'Precooling can prevent the reduction of self-paced exercise intensity in the heat', Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 42 (3) pp.577-84.
1530-0315
19952819
10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181b675da
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/225586
Medicine and science in sports and exercise
en
http://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2010&issue=03000&article=00024&type=abstract
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2255872020-04-23T07:28:40Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
Deception of ambient and body core temperature improves self paced cycling in hot, humid conditions
Castle, Paul C.
Maxwell, Neil S.
Allchorn, Alan
Mauger, Alexis R.
White, Danny K.
University of Bedfordshire
Adult
Bicycling
Body Temperature
Body Temperature Regulation
Hot Temperature
Humans
Humidity
Male
Perceptual Masking
Physical Exertion
Psychomotor Performance
Thermosensing
We used incorrect visual feedback of ambient and core temperature in the heat to test the hypothesis that deception would alleviate the decrement in cycling performance compared to a no deception trial. Seven males completed three 30 min cycling time trials in a randomised order on a Kingcycle ergometer. One time trial was in temperate, control conditions (CON: 21.8 ± 0.6°C; 43.3 ± 4.3%rh), the others in hot, humid conditions (HOT: 31.4 ± 0.3°C; 63.9 ± 4.5%rh). In one of the hot, humid conditions (31.6 ± 0.5°C; 65.4 ± 4.3%rh), participants were deceived (DEC) into thinking the ambient conditions were 26.0°C; 60.0%rh and their core temperature was 0.3°C lower than it really was. Compared to CON (16.63 ± 2.43 km) distance covered was lower in HOT (15.88 ± 2.75 km; P < 0.05), but DEC ameliorated this (16.74 ± 2.87 km; P < 0.05). Mean power output was greater in DEC (184.4 ± 60.4 W) than HOT (168.1 ± 54.1 W; P < 0.05) and no difference was observed between CON and DEC. Rectal temperature and iEMG of the vastus lateralis were not different, but RPE in the third minute was lower in DEC than HOT (P < 0.05). Deception improved performance in the heat by creating a lower RPE, evidence of a subtle mismatch between the subconscious expectation and conscious perception of the task demands.
2012-05-23T13:37:19Z
2012-05-23T13:37:19Z
2012-01
Castle, P.C., Maxwell, N., Allchorn, A., Mauger, A.R., and White, D.K. (2012) 'Deception of ambient and body core temperature improves self paced cycling in hot, humid conditions' European journal of applied physiology, 112(1) pp.377-85
1439-6327
21573777
10.1007/s00421-011-1988-y
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/225587
European journal of applied physiology
en
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00421-011-1988-y
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2255972020-04-23T07:28:41Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
The effects of precompetition massage on the kinematic parameters of 20-m sprint performance
Fletcher, Iain M.
University of Bedfordshire
Adult
Athletic Performance
Biomechanics
Humans
Male
Massage
Running
The purpose of this study was to investigate what effect precompetition massage has on short-term sprint performance. Twenty male collegiate games players, with a minimum training/playing background of 3 sessions per week, were assigned to a randomized, counter-balanced, repeated-measures designed experiment used to analyze 20-m sprints performance. Three discrete warm-up modalities, consisting of precompetition massage, a traditional warm-up, and a precompetition massage combined with a traditional warm-up were used. Massage consisted of fast, superficial techniques designed to stimulate the main muscle groups associated with sprint running. Twenty-meter sprint performance and core temperature were assessed post warm-up interventions. Kinematic differences between sprints were assessed through a 2-dimensional computerized motion analysis system (alpha level p
2012-05-23T14:03:47Z
2012-05-23T14:03:47Z
2010-05
Article
Fletcher, Iain M., (2010) 'The effects of precompetition massage on the kinematic parameters of 20-m sprint performance', Journal of strength and conditioning research, 24(5) pp.179-83.
1533-4287
20386129
10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181ceec0f
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/225597
Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association
en
https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/fulltext/2010/05000/The_Effects_of_Precompetition_Massage_on_the.3.aspx
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2256112020-04-23T07:28:40Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
An investigation into the effects of different warm-up modalities on specific motor skills related to soccer performance.
Fletcher, Iain M.
Monte-Colombo, Mathew M.
University of Bedfordshire
Athletic Performance
Heart Rate
Humans
Male
Motor Skills
Muscle Stretching Exercises
Running
Soccer
Young Adult
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different warm-up stretch modalities on specific high-speed motor capabilities important to soccer performance. Twenty-seven male soccer players performed 3 warm-up conditions, active warm-up (WU), WU with static stretching (SPS), and WU with dynamic stretching (ADS). Heart rate, countermovement jump, 20-m sprint, and Balsom agility tests were performed after each intervention. Vertical jump heights were significantly greater (p < 0.01) in the WU and ADS conditions compared to those in the SPS trial. The 20-m sprint and agility times showed that the SPS condition was significantly slower (p < 0.01) than the WU and ADS conditions, with the ADS trial being significantly faster (p < 0.05) than the WU condition. Heart rate was significantly higher (p < 0.01) for participants post-WU and -ADS trials compared to the SPS condition. These findings suggest that the superior performance of the dynamic stretch and warm-up-only conditions compared to the static stretch condition may be linked to increases in heart rate. The reasons for the dynamic stretch trial superiority compared to the warm-up condition are less clear and as yet to be established. We recommend for optimal performance, specific dynamic stretches be employed as part of a warm-up, rather than the traditional static stretches.
2012-05-23T14:11:08Z
2012-05-23T14:11:08Z
2010-08
Article
Fletcher, I.M. and Monte-Colombo, M.M. 'An investigation into the effects of different warm-up modalities on specific motor skills related to soccer performance', Journal of strength and conditioning research, 24(8) pp.2096-2101.
1533-4287
20634747
10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e312db
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/225611
Journal of strength and conditioning research
en
https://insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=00124278-201008000-00018
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2256122020-04-23T07:28:40Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
An investigation into the possible physiological mechanisms associated with changes in performance related to acute responses to different preactivity stretch modalities.
Fletcher, Iain M.
Monte-Colombo, Mathew M.
University of Bedfordshire
Adult
Analysis of Variance
Athletic Performance
Body Temperature
Electromyography
Heart Rate
Humans
Kinetics
Male
Muscle Strength
Muscle Stretching Exercises
Muscle, Skeletal
Range of Motion, Articular
Reference Values
Soccer
Torque
Young Adult
The aim of this study was to explore the potential mechanisms underlying performance changes linked to different warm-up stretch modalities. Twenty-one male collegiate-semiprofessional soccer players (age, 20.8 +/- 2.3 years) performed under 3 different warm-up conditions: a no-stretch warm-up (WU), a warm-up including static passive stretches (SPS), and a warm-up incorporating static dynamic stretches (SDS). Countermovement jump, drop jump, peak torque, heart rate, core temperature, movement kinematics, and electromyography (EMG) were recorded for each intervention. Significant increases (p < 0.001) in performance were recorded for the countermovement, drop jump, and peak torque measures when the SDS was compared with the WU and SPS trials. When mechanism data were analysed, heart rate was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the SDS condition compared with the SPS and WU conditions (a pattern also shown with core temperature), whereas the WU condition heart rate was also significantly higher than the SPS condition heart rate. When EMG data were examined for the rectus femoris muscle, significantly greater (p < 0.01) muscle activity was observed in the SDS condition compared with the SPS condition. It seems the most likely mechanisms to explain the increase in performance in the SDS condition compared with the SPS condition are increased heart rate, greater muscle activity, and increased peak torque.
2012-05-23T14:16:55Z
2012-05-23T14:16:55Z
2010-02
Article
Fletcher, I.M., and Monte-Colombo, M.M. 'An investigation into the possible physiological mechanisms associated with changes in performance related to acute responses to different preactivity stretch modalities' Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism, 35(1) pp.27-34
1715-5312
20130663
10.1139/H09-125
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/225612
Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquée, nutrition et métabolisme
en
http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/H09-125#.WzDXp8lQjcs
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2255992020-04-23T07:28:40Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
The effect of different dynamic stretch velocities on jump performance.
Fletcher, Iain M.
University of Bedfordshire
Athletic Performance
Biomechanics
Body Temperature
Electromyography
Heart Rate
Humans
Male
Muscle Contraction
Muscle Stretching Exercises
Muscle, Skeletal
Task Performance and Analysis
Time Factors
Tympanic Membrane
Young Adult
Dynamic stretching has gained popularity, due to a number of studies showing an increase in high intensity performance compared to static stretch modalities. Twenty-four males (age mean 21 +/- 0.3 years) performed a standardised 10 min jogging warm-up followed by either; no stretching (NS), slow dynamic stretching at 50 b/min (SDS) or fast dynamic stretching at 100 b/min (FDS). Post-warm-up, squat, countermovement and depth jumps were performed. Heart rate, tympanic temperature, electromyography (EMG) and kinematic data (100 Hz) were collected during each jump. Results indicated that the FDS condition showed significantly greater jump height in all tests compared to the SDS and NS conditions. Further, the SDS trial resulted in significantly greater performance in the drop and squat jump compared to the NS condition. The reasons behind these performance changes are multi-faceted, but appear to be related to increases in heart rate and core temperature with slow dynamic stretches, while the greater increase in performance for the fast dynamic stretch intervention is linked to greater nervous system activation, shown by significant increases in EMG. In conclusion, a faster dynamic stretch component appears to prepare an athlete for a more optimum performance.
2012-05-23T14:20:31Z
2012-05-23T14:20:31Z
2010-06
Article
Fletcher, Iain M., (2010) 'The effect of different dynamic stretch velocities on jump performance', European journal of applied physiology, 109(3) pp.491-498.
1439-6327
20162300
10.1007/s00421-010-1386-x
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/225599
European journal of applied physiology
en
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00421-010-1386-x
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2258202020-04-23T07:28:41Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
A new VO2max protocol allowing self-pacing in maximal incremental exercise
Mauger, Alexis R.
Sculthorpe, Nicholas
University of Bedfordshire
Adaptation, Physiological
Adolescent
Adult
Cross-Over Studies
Energy Metabolism
Ergometry
Exercise
Exercise Test
Female
Heart Rate
Humans
Male
Oxygen Consumption
Perception
Physical Exertion
Pulmonary Gas Exchange
Young Adult
The traditional maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) protocol has received criticism for being an unnatural form of exercise, lacking ecological validity and producing different VO(2max) responses depending on protocol duration and work rate increments.
2012-05-24T14:18:58Z
2012-05-24T14:18:58Z
2012-01
Article
Mauger, A.R. and Sculthorpe, N., (2012) 'A new VO₂max protocol allowing self-pacing in maximal incremental exercise', British Journal of Sports Medicine, 46(1) pp.59-63.
1473-0480
21505226
10.1136/bjsports-2011-090006
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/225820
British Journal of Sports Medicine
en
Archived with thanks to British journal of sports medicine
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2259512020-04-23T07:32:02Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
Daily hypoxia increases basal monocyte HSP72 expression in healthy human subjects
Taylor, Lee
Midgley, Adrian W.
Chrismas, Bryna C.
Hilman, Angela R.
Madden, Leigh A.
Vince, Rebecca V.
McNaughton, Lars R.
University of Bedfordshire
Adolescent
Anoxia
Cells, Cultured
Erythropoietin
HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins
Humans
Male
Monocytes
Oxidative Stress
Oxygen Consumption
Up-Regulation
Young Adult
Heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) performs vital roles within the body at rest and during periods of stress. In vitro, research demonstrates HSP72 induction in response to hypoxia. Recently, in vivo, an acute hypoxic exposure (75 min at 2,980 m) was sufficient to induce significant increases in monocyte expressed HSP72 (mHSP72) and a marker of oxidative stress in healthy human subjects. The purpose of the current study was to identify the impact of 10 consecutive days of hypoxic exposures (75 min at 2,980 m) on mHSP72 and erythropoietin (EPO) expression, markers of oxidative stress, and maximal oxygen consumption in graded incremental aerobic exercise. Eight male subjects were exposed to daily normobaric hypoxic exposures for 75 min at 2,980 m for 10 consecutive days, commencing and ceasing at 0930 and 1045, respectively. This stressor was sufficient to induce significant increases in mHSP72, which was significantly elevated from day 2 of the hypoxic exposures until 48 h post-final exposure. Notably, this increase had an initial rapid (30% day on day compared to baseline) and final slow phase (16% day on day compared to baseline) of expression. The authors postulate that 7-day hypoxic exposure in this manner would be sufficient to induce near maximum hypoxia-mediated basal mHSP72 expression. Elevated levels of mHSP72 are associated with acquired thermotolerance and provide cross tolerance to non-related stressors in vivo, the protocol used here may provide a useful tool for elevating mHSP72 in vivo. Aside from these major findings, significant transient daily elevations were seen in a marker of oxidative stress, alongside sustained increases in EPO expression. However, no physiologically significant changes were seen in maximal oxygen consumption or time to exhaustion.
2012-05-25T08:52:40Z
2012-05-25T08:52:40Z
2011-02
Article
Taylor L., Midgley A.W., Chrismas B., Hilman A.R., Madden L.A., Vince R.V., and McNaughton L.R. (2011) 'Daily hypoxia increases basal monocyte HSP72 expression in healthy human subjects', Amino Acids, 40(2) pp.393-401.
1438-2199
20552383
10.1007/s00726-010-0644-x
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/225951
Amino Acids
en
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00726-010-0644-x
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2259552020-04-23T07:30:00Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132226col_10547_132228
Hypoxia-mediated prior induction of monocyte-expressed HSP72 and HSP32 provides protection to the disturbances to redox balance associated with human sub-maximal aerobic exercise.
Taylor, Lee
Hillman, Angela R.
Midgley, Adrian W.
Peart, Daniel J.
Chrismas, Bryna C.
McNaughton, Lars R.
University of Bedfordshire
HSP72 is rapidly expressed in response to a variety of stressors in vitro and in vivo (including hypoxia). This project sought a hypoxic stimulus to elicit increases in HSP72 and HSP32 in attempts to confer protection to the sub-maximal aerobic exercise-induced disturbances to redox balance. Eight healthy recreationally active male subjects were exposed to five consecutive days of once-daily hypoxia (2,980 m, 75 min). Seven days prior to the hypoxic acclimation period, subjects performed 60 min of cycling on a cycle ergometer (exercise bout 1-EXB1), and this exercise bout was repeated 1 day post-cessation of the hypoxic period (exercise bout 2-EXB2). Blood samples were taken immediately pre- and post-exercise and 1, 4 and 8 h post-exercise for HSP72 and immediately pre, post and 1 h post-exercise for HSP32, TBARS and glutathione [reduced (GSH), oxidised (GSSG) and total (TGSH)], with additional blood samples obtained immediately pre-day 1 and post-day 5 of the hypoxic acclimation period for the same indices. Monocyte-expressed HSP32 and HSP72 were analysed by flow cytometry, with measures of oxidative stress accessed by commercially available kits. There were significant increases in HSP72 (P < 0.001), HSP32 (P = 0.03), GSSG (t = 9.5, P < 0.001) and TBARS (t = 5.6, P = 0.001) in response to the 5-day hypoxic intervention, whereas no significant changes were observed for GSH (P = 0.22) and TGSH (P = 0.25). Exercise-induced significant increases in HSP72 (P < 0.001) and HSP32 (P = 0.003) post-exercise in EXB1; this response was absent for HSP72 (P ≥ 0.79) and HSP32 (P ≥ 0.99) post-EXB2. The hypoxia-mediated increased bio-available HSP32 and HSP72 and favourable alterations in glutathione redox, prior to exercise commencing in EXB2 compared to EXB1, may acquiesce the disturbances to redox balance encountered during the second physiologically identical exercise bout.
2012-05-25T09:04:53Z
2012-05-25T09:04:53Z
2012-03-23
Article
Taylor L., Hillman A.R., Midgley A.W., Peart D.J., Chrismas B., and McNaughton L.R., (2012) 'Hypoxia-mediated prior induction of monocyte-expressed HSP72 and HSP32 provides protection to the disturbances to redox balance associated with human sub-maximal aerobic exercise.' Amino Acids
1438-2199
22441647
10.1007/s00726-012-1265-3
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/225955
Amino Acids
ENG
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00726-012-1265-3
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2793472020-04-23T07:29:40Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
Low calorie sweetness and hydration: applications in exercise and sport
Brewer, John
Loss of fluid and energy stores are key challenges faced during sport and exercise. Consumption of beverages containing optimal concentrations of fluid, energy and electrolytes are known to offer the best means of delivering fuel and energy to the body during exercise, with palatability a key factor in determining volitional fluid consumption. In certain cases, where weight loss is a primary goal for exercise, a low energy level in a beverage is of increased importance. Hence many manufacturers use low calorie sweeteners within a sports beverage to ensure that the product retains optimal scientific constituents, calorific content and palatability
2013-04-08T13:37:58Z
2013-04-08T13:37:58Z
2011
Article
Brewer, J. (2011) 'Low calorie sweetness and hydration: applications in exercise and sport', Agro Food Industry Hi-Tech, 22(5), pp.35-38
1722-6996
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/279347
Agro Food Industry Hi-Tech
en
http://agro-food-industry.teknoscienze.com/testata.asp?id_testata=243&folder=backissue
Teknoscienze Srl
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2793572020-04-23T07:29:43Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
Partial heat acclimation of athletes with spinal cord lesion
Castle, Paul C.
Kularatne, B. Pasan
Brewer, John
Mauger, Alexis R.
Austen, Ross A.
Tuttle, James A.
Sculthorpe, Nicholas
Mackenzie, Richard W.
Maxwell, Neil S.
Webborn, Anthony D. J.
Heat acclimation (HA) can improve thermoregulatory stability in able-bodied athletes in part by an enhanced sweat response. Athletes with spinal cord lesion are unable to sweat below the lesion and it is unknown if they can HA. Five paralympic shooting athletes with spinal cord lesion completed seven consecutive days HA in hot conditions (33.4 ± 0.6 °C, 64.8 ± 3.7 %rh). Each HA session consisted of 20 min arm crank exercise at 50 % [Formula: see text] followed by 40 min rest, or simulated shooting. Aural temperature (T (aur)) was recorded throughout. Body mass was assessed before and after each session and a sweat collection swab was fixed to T12 of the spine. Fingertip whole blood was sampled at rest on days 1 and 7 for estimation of the change in plasma volume. Resting T (aur) declined from 36.3 ± 0.2 °C on day 1 to 36.0 ± 0.2 °C by day 6 (P < 0.05). During the HA sessions mean, T (aur) declined from 37.2 ± 0.2 °C on day 1, to 36.7 ± 0.3 °C on day 7 (P < 0.05). Plasma volume increased from day 1 by 1.5 ± 0.6 % on day 7 (P < 0.05). No sweat secretion was detected or changes in body mass observed from any participant. Repeated hyperthermia combined with limited evaporative heat loss was sufficient to increase plasma volume, probably by alterations in fluid regulatory hormones. In conclusion, we found that although no sweat response was observed, athletes with spinal cord lesion could partially HA.
2013-04-08T13:51:11Z
2013-04-08T13:51:11Z
2012
Article
Castle, P. C., Kularatne, B. P., Brewer, J., Mauger, A. R., Austen, R. A., Tuttle, J. A., Sculthorpe, N., Mackenzie, R. W., Maxwell, N. S. and Webborn, A. D. J. (2012) 'Partial heat acclimation of athletes with spinal cord lesion', European Journal of Applied Physiology, 113(1) pp.109-115
1439-6319
1439-6327
10.1007/s00421-012-2417-6
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/279357
European Journal of Applied Physiology
en
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00421-012-2417-6
Springer
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2793482020-04-23T07:36:26Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
A multi-ingredient nutritional supplement increases fat oxidation and augments metabolic rate
Saini, Amarjit
McBride, Roisin
Davies, Ben Rhys
Martin, Neil Richard William
Sculthorpe, Nicholas
Brewer, John
obesity
RER
fat oxidation
The study investigated the impact of a multi-ingredient nutritional supplement (MINS) on resting metabolic rate and energy expenditure. The supplement contained a combination of factors that are normally administered in isolation (32 g protein, 8.4 g CHO, 1.7 g fibre, 105 mg caffeine and 21 mg green tea extract with 10.5 mg catechins, per 50 g serving. 18 subjects participated in the study (10 males, 8 females), mean age 21.8 yrs. Following overnight fasting, subjects ingested either MINS or an isocaloric maltodextrin placebo. Resting oxygen uptake was determined by gas analysis measuring VCO2 produced and VO2 consumed. 7 days later, the protocol was repeated using a randomised twotreatment crossover design so each individual subject’s response to both placebo and supplement was assessed. Results showed mean resting Respiratory Exchange Ratios were 0.77 ± 0.03 after supplementation, compared with 0.93 ± 0.03 after placebo (P<0.05), indicating a shift in contribution of fat to metabolism from 24 ± 2.5% (Control) to 79 ± 1.9% (MINS). Mean resting metabolic rate was found to be 3.69 ml per kg.min-1 O2 after supplementation, compared with 3.45 ml per kg.min-1 O2 after placebo. Whilst this difference is not statistically significant, it impacts on the absolute amount of fat metabolised at rest, increasing from 0.3 kcal.min-1 (Control) to 1.0 kcal.min-1 (MINS) (P<0.05). These findings may have significant implications for individuals involved in weight loss or weight management programmes.
2013-04-08T13:56:55Z
2013-04-08T13:56:55Z
2013
Article
Saini, A., McBride, R., Davies, B., Martin, N., Sculthorpe, N. and Brewer, J. (2013) 'A Multi-Ingredient Nutritional Supplement (MINS) Increases Fat Oxidation and Augments Metabolic Rate' Journal of Athletic Enhancement, 2 p.1
2324-9080
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/279348
Journal of Athletic Enhancement
en
http://www.scitechnol.com/2324-9080/2324-9080-2-105.php
SciTechnol
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2793582020-04-23T07:29:40Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
London 2012 training guide athletics - track events
Brewer, John
This training book is the perfect introduction to the Olympic Athletics track events and will prove an indispensable guide for both the keen beginner and club athlete. Written by a leading sports scientist and fully illustrated with over 50 specially commissioned diagrams, this official book gives an overview of each track event and covers training safety, tactics and techniques, and standards of performance to aim for. Whether you are a beginner who simply wants to try a new sport or a budding Olympian who dreams of one day winning a gold medal, this concise and easy-to-use book will take you to the next level.
2013-04-08T13:59:17Z
2013-04-08T13:59:17Z
2011
Book
Brewer, J. (2011) 'Official London 2012 Guide to Track athletics', London: Carlton Books Ltd.
9781847326980
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/279358
en
http://www.carltonbooks.co.uk/books/products/london-2012-training-guide-athletics-track-events
Carlton Books Ltd
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2793562020-04-23T07:29:39Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
Plasma and salivary steroid hormone responses of men to high-intensity cycling and resistance exercise
Hough, John
Papacosta, Elena
Wraith, Elizabeth
Gleeson, Michael
Hormonal responses to exercise could be used as a marker of overreaching. A short exercise protocol that induces robust hormonal elevations in a normal trained state should be able to highlight hormonal changes during overreaching. This study compared plasma and salivary cortisol and testosterone responses to 4 exercise trials; these were (a) continuous cycle to fatigue at 75% peak power output (Wmax) (FAT); (b) 30-minute cycle alternating 1-minute 60% and 1 minute 90% Wmax (60/90); (c) 30-minute cycle alternating 1-minute 55% and 4-minute 80% Wmax (55/80); and (d) Squatting 8 sets of 10 repetitions at 10 repetition maximum (RESIST). Blood and saliva samples were collected pre-exercise and at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 minute postexercise. Pre- to postexercise plasma cortisol increased in all exercise trials, except 60/90. Increases in 55/80 remained above pre-exercise levels for the entire postexercise period. Salivary cortisol increased from pre- to postexercise in FAT and 55/80 trials only. Once elevated after 55/80, it remained so for the postexercise period. Plasma testosterone increased from pre- to postexercise in all trials except 55/80. Saliva testosterone increased from pre- to postexercise in all trials with the longest elevation occurring after 55/80. Area under the curve analysis indicated that the exercise response of salivary hormones was greater in all cycle trials (cortisol) and in the 60/90 and 55/80 trials (testosterone) compared with the other trials. This study indicates that the 55/80 cycle protocol induces a prolonged salivary and plasma cortisol and salivary testosterone response compared with the other trials and so may be a useful diagnostic tool of overreaching.
2013-04-08T13:36:27Z
2013-04-08T13:36:27Z
2011
Article
Hough, J. P., Papacosta, E., Wraith, E. and Gleeson, M. (2011) 'Plasma and Salivary Steroid Hormone Responses of Men to High-Intensity Cycling and Resistance Exercise', Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(1), pp.23-31
1064-8011
10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181fef8e7
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/279356
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
en
http://content.wkhealth.com/linkback/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage&an=00124278-201101000-00004
Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2945122020-04-23T07:39:51Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
Biomechanics of ankle instability. Part 1: reaction time to simulated ankle sprain
Mitchell, Andrew C.S.
Dyson, Rosemary
Hale, Tudor
Abraham, Corinne
dominance
ligament
tilt
C600 Sports Science
The purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that ankles with functional instability will demonstrate slower muscular reaction times than their contralateral stable ankle (SA) and stable healthy controls to a simulated nonpathological ankle sprain mechanism. Results demonstrate a deficit (slower reaction time) in ankles with FAI when acting in support and when exposed to a simulated sprain compared to stable healthy controls. As a result of slower reaction times, acting to support the UA may put the contralateral SA at an increased risk of ankle sprain. This suggests that rehabilitation of a lateral ankle sprain should include strengthening the evertors (peroneals and EDL) at the subtalar joint and the dorsiflexors (TA and EDL) at the talocrural joint.
2013-06-25T14:07:52Z
2013-06-25T14:07:52Z
2008
Article
Mitchell, A., Dyson, R., Hale, T. and Abraham, C. (2008) 'Biomechanics of Ankle Instability. Part 1: Reaction Time to Simulated Ankle Sprain', Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 40(8), pp. 1515-1521
0195-9131
10.1249/MSS.0b013e31817356b6
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/294512
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
en
http://content.wkhealth.com/linkback/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage&an=00005768-200808000-00025
Archived with thanks to Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
American College of Sports Medicine
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2945192020-04-23T07:30:15Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
Foot structure and muscle reaction time to a simulated ankle sprain
Denyer, Joanna R.
Hewitt, Naomi L. A.
Mitchell, Andrew C.S.
tilt platform
arch height
neuromuscular control
injury
C600 Sports Science
The study was to determine whether pronated or supinated foot structures contribute to neuromuscular deficits as measured by muscle reaction time to a simulated ankle-sprain mechanism. Conclusions: Foot structure influenced peroneus longus reaction time. Further research is required to establish the consequences of slower peroneal reaction times in pronated and supinated foot structures. Researchers investigating lower limb muscle reaction time should control for foot structure because it may influence results.
2013-06-25T13:28:11Z
2013-06-25T13:28:11Z
2013
Article
Denyer, J.R., Hewitt, N.L. and Mitchell, A. (2013) 'Foot Structure and Muscle Reaction Time to a Simulated Ankle Sprain', Journal of Athletic Training, 48(3),pp. 326-330
1062-6050
10.4085/1062-6050-48.2.15
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/294519
Journal of Athletic Training
en
http://natajournals.org/doi/abs/10.4085/1062-6050-48.2.15
Archived with thanks to Journal of Athletic Training
The National Athletic Trainers' Association
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2944952020-04-23T07:37:07Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
The effect of isokinetic testing speed on the reliability of muscle fatigue indicators during a hip abductor-adductor fatigue protocol
Gautrey, Charlotte N.
Watson, T.
Mitchell, Andrew C.S.
intraclass correlation coefficient
functional ankle instability
fatigue index
C600 Sports Science
The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of fatigue indicators calculated from peak torque and total work during isokinetic speeds of 60, 90, 120 and 180° · s-1 during a hip fatigue protocol.
2013-06-25T13:01:17Z
2013-06-25T13:01:17Z
2013
Article
Gautrey, C., Watson, T. and Mitchell, A. (2013) 'The Effect of Isokinetic Testing Speed on the Reliability of Muscle Fatigue Indicators During a Hip Abductor-Adductor Fatigue Protocol', International Journal of Sports Medicine 2 April 2013 [Online]. Available at: https://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0032-1321801 (Accessed 25 June 2013).
0172-4622
1439-3964
10.1055/s-0032-1321801
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/294495
International Journal of Sports Medicine
en
http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0032-1321801
Archived with thanks to International Journal of Sports Medicine
Thieme Publishing
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2945102020-04-23T07:30:15Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
Biomechanics of ankle instability. Part 2: postural sway-reaction time relationship
Mitchell, Andrew C.S.
Dyson, Rosemary
Hale, Tudor
Abraham, Corinne
dominance
limb
injury
C600 Sports Science
The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that ankles with functional instability will demonstrate greater single-limb postural sway (PS) than their contralateral stable joint and stable healthy controls and to examine the relationship between single-limb postural sway and muscular reaction time to a simulated ankle sprain mechanism. Results reveal postural sway deficits in ankles with FAI. They also demonstrate a significant relationship between PL and PB reaction times and postural sway in UA. Individuals who sustain an acute ankle sprain and those with FAI require rehabilitation that improves proprioception, strengthens the evertors and dorsiflexors, and restores peroneal reaction time.
2013-06-25T13:45:28Z
2013-06-25T13:45:28Z
2008
Article
Mitchell, A., Dyson, R., Hale, T. and Abraham, C. (2008) 'Biomechanics of Ankle Instability. Part 2: postural sway-reaction time relationship', Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 40(8), pp. 1522-1528
0195-9131
10.1249/MSS.0b013e31817356d6
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/294510
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
en
http://content.wkhealth.com/linkback/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage&an=00005768-200808000-00026
Archived with thanks to Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
American College of Sports Medicine
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2944892020-04-23T07:37:07Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
The effect of velocity on load range during isokinetic hip abduction and adduction exercise
Gautrey, Charlotte N.
Watson, T.
Mitchell, Andrew C.S.
isokinetic exercise
acceleration
peak torque
C600 Sports Science
The purpose of this study was to quantify the components of acceleration, load range and deceleration through a velocity spectrum during concentric hip abduction and adduction isokinetic exercise, and to investigate the effect of load range on peak torque and work done.
2013-06-25T12:26:28Z
2013-06-25T12:26:28Z
2013
Article
Gautrey, C., Watson, T. and Mitchell, A. (2013) 'The Effect of Velocity on Load Range during Isokinetic Hip Abduction and Adduction Exercise', International Journal of Sports Medicine 26 February 2013 [Online]. Available at: https://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0032-1327662# (Accessed 25 June 2013).
0172-4622
1439-3964
10.1055/s-0032-1327662
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/294489
International Journal of Sports Medicine
en
http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0032-1327662
Archived with thanks to International Journal of Sports Medicine
Thieme Publishing
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2948462020-04-23T07:36:38Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
Comparison of fat oxidation over a range of intensities during treadmill and cycling exercise in children
Zakrzewski-Fruer, Julia K.
Tolfrey, Keith
C600 Sports Science
exercise
fat oxidation
children
Substrate metabolism differs between children and adults and is important for weight management during childhood. A direct comparison of fat oxidation over a range of exercise intensities and the estimation of Fatmax (exercise intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation (MFO)) during treadmill (TM) and cycling exercise (CE) does not appear to be available in children. Fat oxidation and Fatmax were compared during TM and CE in 22 pre- to early pubertal children (9 girls and 13 boys). Fat oxidation was higher for TM compared with CE over a range of absolute and relative exercise intensities and this difference was more pronounced at higher intensities (P ≤ 0.05). Fat oxidation was higher in boys compared with girls at similar relative, but not absolute intensities (P ≤ 0.05). Fatmax was higher during TM compared with CE and higher in boys compared with girls (P ≤ 0.05). The 5% Fatmax zone (range of exercise intensities where fat oxidation was within 5% of MFO) spanned a wider range of intensities for TM compared with CE (P ≤ 0.05). Collectively, these findings suggest that exercise programmes aimed at promoting high rates of fat oxidation in pre- to early pubertal children should include TM rather than CE regardless of exercise intensity. Furthermore, Fatmax values indicate that brisk walking or slow running promotes MFO rates in this population.
2013-06-28T09:41:04Z
2013-06-28T09:41:04Z
2011
Article
Zakrzewski, J. & Tolfrey, K. (2011) 'Comparison of fat oxidation over a range of intensities during treadmill and cycling exercise in children', European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112(1), pp.163-171
1439-6319
1439-6327
10.1007/s00421-011-1965-5
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/294846
European Journal of Applied Physiology
en
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00421-011-1965-5
Archived with thanks to European Journal of Applied Physiology
Springer
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2948182020-04-23T07:30:22Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
The oxygen uptake kinetic response to moderate intensity exercise in overweight and non-overweight children
Potter, C.R.
Zakrzewski-Fruer, Julia K.
Draper, S.B.
Unnithan, V.B.
C600 Sports Science
The aim of the study was to compare the phase II oxygen uptake time constant (τV'O(2)) and V'O(2) mean response time (V'O(2)MRT) in overweight (OW) and non-OW (NO) children during moderate intensity exercise. The findings demonstrate impairment in the factors determining V'O(2) kinetics in OW children at a relatively young age. Furthermore, assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness using peak exercise values is likely to be misleading and not useful when designing exercise programmes for OW children.
2013-06-27T15:16:30Z
2013-06-27T15:16:30Z
2012
Article
Potter, C.R., Zakrzewski, J.K., Draper, S.B. and Unnithan, V.B. (2012) 'The oxygen uptake kinetic response to moderate intensity exercise in overweight and non-overweight children', International Journal of Obesity, 37(1), pp.101-106
0307-0565
1476-5497
10.1038/ijo.2012.130
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/294818
International Journal of Obesity
en
http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/ijo.2012.130
Archived with thanks to International Journal of Obesity
Nature Publishing Group
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2948302020-04-23T08:39:55Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
Breakfast, glycaemic index and health in young people
Tolfrey, Keith
Zakrzewski-Fruer, Julia K.
composition
glucose
glycaemic index
B400 Nutrition
The purpose of this paper was to extend previous reviews on breakfast consumption and health to provide a greater understanding of the role of breakfast composition, particularly breakfast GI. Unlike the evidence on breakfast consumption, which has often been based on large cross-sectional studies, the evidence on breakfast GI is based primarily on controlled experimental studies, often with relatively small samples. At times, it was necessary to refer to the adult-based literature in this review to support findings from young people or to highlight areas that are particularly lacking in empirical evidence in this population. Since breakfast consumption has declined in young people and also decreases from childhood to adolescence, strategies to promote regular consumption of a healthy breakfast in young people are warranted. Future research in young people should place greater emphasis on breakfast composition, consider the mechanisms controlling relationships between breakfast consumption and health, and investigate the benefits of habitual consumption of LGI compared with HGI breakfasts.
2013-06-27T15:56:43Z
2013-06-27T15:56:43Z
2012
Article
Tolfrey, K. & Zakrzewski, J.K. (2012) 'Breakfast, glycaemic index and health in young people', Journal of Sport and Health Science, 1(3), pp.149-159
20952546
10.1016/j.jshs.2012.09.001
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/294830
Journal of Sport and Health Science
en
http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S209525461200052X
Archived with thanks to Journal of Sport and Health Science
Elsevier
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2948712020-04-23T07:36:37Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
Acute effect of fatmax exercise on the metabolism in overweight and nonoverweight girls
Zakrzewski-Fruer, Julia K.
Tolfrey, Keith
C600 Sports Science
fat oxidation
exercise
children
adolescents
Acute exercise can reduce postprandial insulin concentrations and increase fat oxidation in adults, which may have important implications for insulin resistance and weight control. However, similar studies with young people or comparing overweight (OW) and nonoverweight (NO) individuals are sparse. Therefore, the acute effect of Fatmax exercise on glucose, insulin, and fat oxidation was examined in 12 OW and 15 NO girls.
2013-06-28T11:01:58Z
2013-06-28T11:01:58Z
2012
Article
Zakrzewski, J. & Tolfrey, K. (2012) 'Acute Effect of Fatmax Exercise on the Metabolism in Overweight and Nonoverweight Girls', Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 44(9), pp. 1698-1705
0195-9131
10.1249/MSS.0b013e31825804cf
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/294871
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
en
http://content.wkhealth.com/linkback/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage&an=00005768-201209000-00010
Archived with thanks to Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2948662020-04-23T07:36:38Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
Effect of breakfast glycemic index on metabolic responses during rest and exercise in overweight and non-overweight adolescent girls
Zakrzewski-Fruer, Julia K.
Stevenson, E.J.
Tolfrey, Keith
C600 Sports Science
exercise
adolescents
fat oxidation
The metabolic responses to mixed breakfast meals with different glycemic indexes (GI) and their effects on substrate metabolism during exercise in adolescent girls have not been examined. The interaction with weight status also warrants investigation. This study investigated the effect of mixed breakfast meals containing high GI (HGI) or low GI (LGI) carbohydrates on metabolic responses and fat oxidation during rest and exercise in overweight (OW) and non-overweight (NO) adolescent girls.
2013-06-28T09:48:34Z
2013-06-28T09:48:34Z
2011
Article
Zakrzewski, J., Stevenson, E.J. and Tolfrey K. (2011) 'Effect of breakfast glycemic index on metabolic responses during rest and exercise in overweight and non-overweight adolescent girls', European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 66(4), pp.436-442.
0954-3007
1476-5640
10.1038/ejcn.2011.175
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/294866
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
en
http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/ejcn.2011.175
Archived with thanks to European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Nature Publishing Group
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2948442020-04-23T07:36:38Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
Exercise protocols to estimate Fatmax and maximal fat oxidation in children
Zakrzewski-Fruer, Julia K.
Tolfrey, Keith
C600 Sports Science
exercise
children
fat oxidation
Age Factors
Analysis of Variance
Bicycling
Calorimetry, Indirect
Carbon Dioxide
Child
Clinical Protocols
Confidence Intervals
Cross-Sectional Studies
Energy Metabolism
Exercise Test
Female
Humans
Lipid Metabolism
Male
Oxidation-Reduction
Oxygen
Oxygen Consumption
Pulmonary Gas Exchange
Questionnaires
Skinfold Thickness
Consensus on the exercise protocol used to measure Fatmax (exercise intensity corresponding to maximum fat oxidation (MFO)) in children has not been reached. The present study compared Fatmax estimated using the 3 min incremental cycling protocol (3-INC) and a protocol consisting of several 10 min constant work rate exercise bouts (10-CWR) in 26 prepubertal children. Group Fatmax values were the same for 3-INC and 10-CWR (55% VO2peak) and 95% limits of agreement (LoA) were ± 7% VO2peak. Group MFO values were similar between protocols, although 95% LoA were -94 to 113 mg·min-1. While 3-INC provides a valid estimation of Fatmax compared with 10-CWR, caution should be exercised when estimating MFO in prepubertal children.
2013-06-28T08:58:14Z
2013-06-28T08:58:14Z
2011-02
Article
Zakrzewski, J, & Tolfrey, K. (2011) 'Exercise protocols to estimate Fatmax and maximal fat oxidation in children', Pediatric exercise science, 23(1), pp.122-35.
1543-2920
21467596
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/294844
Pediatric exercise science
en
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21467596
Archived with thanks to Pediatric exercise science
Human Kinetics
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2948622020-04-23T07:36:38Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
Fatmax in children and adolescents: a review
Zakrzewski-Fruer, Julia K.
Tolfrey, Keith
C600 Sports Science
exercise
fat oxidation
children
adolescents
The purpose of this review is to summarise and critically examine the literature that has determined Fatmax in children and adolescents (young people). Maximising fat oxidation during exercise may be beneficial for health, particularly in the management of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Exercise intensity largely determines fat oxidation during exercise. Fatmax is the relative exercise intensity that elicits the highest fat oxidation rate and has received increasing attention in recent years. Studies in young people have demonstrated that there is considerable inter-individual variation in Fatmax, which generally occurs between 30 and 60% of peak oxygen uptake. Factors that may influence Fatmax in young people include body composition, physical maturation, and exercise training. Several researchers have suggested that Fatmax and fat oxidation rates may be reduced in obese compared with non-obese young people.
2013-06-28T08:52:18Z
2013-06-28T08:52:18Z
2011
Article
Zakrzewski, J. & Tolfrey, K. (2011) 'Fatmax in children and adolescents: A review', European Journal of Sport Science, 11(1), pp. 1-18
1746-1391
1536-7290
10.1080/17461391003770525
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/294862
European Journal of Sport Science
en
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17461391003770525
Archived with thanks to European Journal of Sport Science
Taylor and Francis
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2948612017-09-12T10:56:41Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
Breakfast, metabolism, health and cognitive function in young people
Tolfrey, Keith
Zakrzewski-Fruer, Julia K.
Cooper, Simon B.
Nevill, Mary E.
C600 Sports Science
exercise
children
2013-06-28T08:40:34Z
2013-06-28T08:40:34Z
2012
Book chapter
Tolfrey, K., Zakrzewski, J., Cooper, S.B. and Nevill, M.E. (2012) 'Breakfast, Metabolism, Health and Cognitive Function in Young People' in Duncan, M. (ed.). Reviews in Pediatric Exercise Science. New York: Nova Publishers Inc pp.43-66.
9781614709787
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/294861
en
Nova Publishers Inc
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2947902017-09-12T10:57:25Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
Effect of exercise mode on fat oxidation and ‘Fatmax’ in pre- to early pubertal girls and boys
Tolfrey, Keith
Zakrzewski-Fruer, Julia K.
C600 Sports Science
2013-06-27T15:44:20Z
2013-06-27T15:44:20Z
2011
Conference papers, meetings and proceedings
Tolfrey, K. & Zakrzewski, J. (2011) 'Effect of exercise mode on fat oxidation and ‘Fatmax’ in pre- to early pubertal girls and boys' In Williams, C, & Armstrong, N, (ed.) Proceedings of the XXVIIth International Symposium of the European Group of Pediatric Work Physiology. London: Routledge, pp. 77-81.
9780415858090
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/294790
en
Routledge
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2951322020-04-23T07:36:01Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
Endothelial function and stress response after simulated dives to 18 msw breathing air or oxygen
Madden, Leigh A.
Chrismas, Bryna C.
Mellor, Duane
Vince, Rebecca V.
Midgley, Adrian W.
McNaughton, Lars R.
Atkin, Stephen L.
Laden, Gerard
University of Hull
C600 Sports Science
C760 Biomolecular Science
Adaptation, Physiological
Antigens, CD
Decompression Sickness
Diving
Endothelium, Vascular
Flow Cytometry
Humans
Hydrocortisone
Hyperbaric Oxygenation
Hyperemia
Inflammation
Interleukin-6
Male
Receptors, Cell Surface
Respiration
Stress, Physiological
Decompression sickness is caused by gas bubbles released upon decompression. These bubbles have the potential to occlude blood vessels and damage the vascular endothelium. The aim of this study was to quantify damage to the vascular endothelium resulting from decompression by measuring endothelial microparticles (MP) and endothelial function.
2013-07-03T08:39:19Z
2013-07-03T08:39:19Z
2010-01
Article
Madden, L.A. Chrismas, B.C. Mellor, D. Vince, R.V., Midgley, A.W., McNaughton, L.R., Atkin, S.L. and Laden, G. (2009) 'Endothelial function and stress response after simulated dives to 18msw breathing air or oxygen', Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine, 81 (1), pp. 41 –45.
0095-6562
20058736
10.3357/ASEM.2610.2010
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/295132
Aviation, space, and environmental medicine
en
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20058736
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/asma/asem/2010/00000081/00000001/art00007
Aerospace Medical Association
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2957832020-04-23T07:32:03Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
Acute antioxidant pre-treatment attenuates endothelial microparticle release after decompression
Chrismas, Bryna C.
Midgley, Adrian W.
Taylor, Lee
Vince, Rebecca V.
Laden, Gerard
Madden, Leigh A.
The hyperbaric and hyperoxic effects of a dive have been demonstrated to elicit changes in oxidative stress, endothelial function and microparticle (MP) release. Endothelial MP, which are small membrane vesicles shed from the endothelium, have been suggested as a valid in vivo marker of endothelial function. Furthermore, recent research has shown an increase in CD105 MP post-dive to be associated with a decline in endothelial function. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether antioxidant (AOX) pre-treatment can attenuate increased CD105 MP release post-dive.
2013-07-11T15:20:47Z
2013-07-11T15:20:47Z
2010-12
Article
Chrismas, B.C. Madden, L. Midgley, A. Taylor, L. McNaughton, L & Laden, G. (2010) 'Acute antioxidant pre treatment attenuates endothelial microparticle release after decompression', Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, 40, pp. 184 – 188.
1833-3516
23111932
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/295783
Diving and hyperbaric medicine : the journal of the South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society
en
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23111932
http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/xmlui/handle/123456789/10219
Archived with thanks to Diving and hyperbaric medicine : the journal of the South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society
South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society (SPUMS)
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2957702020-04-23T07:36:02Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
The role of acidosis during multiple bouts of high intensity exercise: subsequent effect of recovery in attenuating fatigue
Chrismas, Bryna C.
lactate
fatigue
recovery
acidosis
The etiology of fatigue following multiple bouts of high-intensity exercise and the subsequent limitations on exercise performance remains a highly contentious and controversial phenomenon. One important factor that could augment performance is the type of recovery. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of active recovery () vs. passive recovery () on blood acidosis during multiple bouts of forearm-wrist-flexion.
2013-07-11T15:21:39Z
2013-07-11T15:21:39Z
2008
Article
Chrismas, B.C. (2008) 'The role of acidosis during multiple bouts of high intensity exercise: subsequent effect of recovery in attenuating fatigue', Journal of Undergraduate Kinesiology Research, 3 (2), pp. 1-18
1936-7007
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/295770
Journal of Undergraduate Kinesiology Research
en
http://www.jukr.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=67:vol3issue22008&catid=35:archives&Itemid=2
University of Wisconsin
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2951302020-04-23T07:32:03Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
Daily quadratic trend in basal monocyte expressed HSP72 in healthy human subjects
Taylor, Lee
Midgley, Adrian W.
Chrismas, Bryna C.
Madden, Leigh A
Vince, Rebecca V.
McNaughton, Lars R.
University of Hull
C600 Sports Science
Circadian Rhythm
HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins
Humans
Male
Monocytes
Reference Values
The inducible human stress protein heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) performs vital roles within the body at rest and during periods of stress. Recently it was shown over a 24 hour period that basal HSP72 followed a diurnal variation. However, these results and previous literature demonstrate noticeable inter-subject variation in basal HSP72 expression. The notion of intra/inter-day variation in basal HSP72 expression has not been explored in detail. Basal monocyte expressed HSP72 was determined every 3 hours, over a 9 hour period in 12 healthy male subjects (20.2 +/- 1.9 years, 178.7 +/- 5.6 cm, 75.1 +/- 6.0 kg) within a temperature controlled laboratory. A significant quadratic trend was observed for time (F = 26.0, P = 0.001, partial eta(2) = 0.74), where HSP72 decreased between 0800 and 1100 hours (P < 0.001) and then increased between 1100 and 1400 hours (P = 0.015). The main effect for day (F = 2.6, P = 0.14) and the day x time interaction effect (F = 3.9, P = 0.08) were not significant. There was no correlation between serum and monocyte expressed HSP72, with no significant effect for time (F = 2.0, P = 0.21) in serum HSP72 expression. The results support findings by others that basal monocyte expressed HSP72 follows a diurnal variation which incorporates a quadratic trend, which is not compromised by any significant daily variation and that serum HSP72 expression has no endogenous circadian rhythm. The significant quadratic trend in basal monocyte HSP72 expression shown here highlights the need to tightly control variables, such as timing of sample collection, as it is known basal values influence the magnitude of HSP72 expression post-stressor/intervention.
2013-07-03T08:36:40Z
2013-07-03T08:36:40Z
2010-05
Article
Taylor, L., Midgley, A., Madden, L. A., Vince, R. V., Chrismas., B & McNaughton, L. (2010) 'Daily quadratic trend in basal monocyte expressed HSP72 in healthy human subjects', Amino Acids, 38, pp. 1483-1488.
1438-2199
19816654
10.1007/s00726-009-0360-6
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/295130
Amino acids
en
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19816654
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00726-009-0360-6
Springer
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2951292020-04-23T07:32:29Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
The effect of acute hypoxia on heat shock protein 72 expression and oxidative stress in vivo
Taylor, Lee
Midgley, Adrian W.
Chrismas, Bryna C.
Madden, Leigh A.
Vince, Rebecca V.
McNaughton, Lars R.
C600 Sports Science
The inducible human stress protein HSP72 performs vital roles within the body at rest and during periods of stress. Recently, a previously disclosed quadratic trend in basal HSP72 expression was shown to be reliable and repeatable. The notion of a physiological stressor such as hypoxia disrupting this basal quadratic trend is an interesting one. Monocyte-expressed HSP72 and TBARS were determined every 3 h, over a 12-h period in 12 healthy male subjects on two separate days, with trial day one ascertaining control values. A hypoxic intervention consisting of 75 min at a simulated altitude of 2,980 m, commencing and ceasing at 0930 and 1045, respectively, was incorporated on trail day 2. The hypoxic condition induced significantly (elevated) HSP72 values at 1100 (P = 0.002), 1400 (P < 0.001), 1700 (P = 0.034) and 2000 (P = 0.041) compared to control. Significant increases in plasma TBARS were seen in the hypoxic condition compared to control at 1100 (P = 0.006) and 1400 (P = 0.032). The results demonstrate that a 75-min bout of normobaric hypoxia is sufficient to induce significant increases in HSP72 expression, which disrupts the basal quadratic trend shown by others and here in the control condition. This increase may be linked to the observed changes in oxidative stress. These results may provide a tool for manipulating basal monocyte HSP72 expression within human heat acclimation exercise protocols.
2013-07-03T08:33:58Z
2013-07-03T08:33:58Z
2010
Article
Taylor, L., Midgley, A., Madden, L. A., Vince, R. V., Chrismas., B & McNaughton, L. (2010) 'The effect of acute hypoxia on heat shock protein 72 expression and oxidative stress in vivo', European Journal of Applied Physiology, 109, pp. 849-855.
1439-6319
1439-6327
20229018
10.1007/s00421-010-1430-x
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/295129
European Journal of Applied Physiology
en
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00421-010-1430-x
Springer
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2949112020-04-23T07:31:49Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
The effect of the hyperbaric environment on heat shock protein 72 expression in vivo
Taylor, Lee
Midgley, Adrian W.
Sandström, Marie E.
Chrismas, Bryna C.
McNaughton, Lars R.
C600 Sports Science
Adaptation, Physiological
Body Temperature
Environment
Flow Cytometry
HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins
HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins
Humans
Hyperbaric Oxygenation
Male
Monocytes
Oxidative Stress
Stress, Physiological
Telemetry
Thiobarbiturates
Young Adult
Heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) is expressed in response to stress and has been demonstrated to follow a diurnal expression pattern within monocytes and is sensitive to changes in core temperature. Numerous studies have shown changes in HSP72 expression within cell lines exposed to hyperbaric conditions. No studies have investigated changes in HSP72 expression in vivo. Six males participated in the study and were exposed to hyperbaric air and hyperbaric oxygen a week apart. Monocyte HSP72 was analyzed by flow cytometry at 09:00, 13:00, 17:00, 21:00 with hyperbaric oxygen or hyperbaric air breathing commencing at 15:00 for 78 min at a pressure of 2.8 ATA. HSP72 under normoxia followed the established trend; however, following the hyperbaric air or oxygen exposure a reduction in detectable HSP72 was observed at 17:00 and 21:00. No changes in core temperature were observed between 13:00 and 21:00 for any condition. The data show that HSP72 expression is impaired following hyperbaric air (HA) exposure, when compared with control or hyperbaric oxygen (HO) exposure.
2013-06-28T15:25:40Z
2013-06-28T15:25:40Z
2012-04
Article
Taylor, L., Midgley, A, Sandstrom, M., Chrismas, B., & McNaughton, L. (2012) 'The effect of the hyperbaric environment on heat shock protein 72 expression in vivo', Research in Sports Medicine, 20 (2), pp. 142-53.
1543-8635
22458830
10.1080/15438627.2012.660830
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/294911
Research in sports medicine
en
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22458830
Archived with thanks to Research in sports medicine (Print)
Taylor and Francis
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2948562020-04-23T07:36:01Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
Hypoxia mediated release of endothelial microparticles and increased association of S100A12 with circulating neutrophils
Vince, Rebecca V.
Chrismas, Bryna C.
Midgley, Adrian W.
McNaughton, Lars R.
Madden, Leigh A.
RAGE
endothelium
hypoxia
oxidative stress
C600 Sports Science
Adolescent
Anoxia
Cell-Derived Microparticles
Endothelium, Vascular
Flow Cytometry
Humans
Male
Neutrophils
S100 Proteins
Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
Young Adult
Microparticles are released from the endothelium under normal homeostatic conditions and have been shown elevated in disease states, most notably those characterised by endothelial dysfunction. The endothelium is sensitive to oxidative stress/status and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression is upregulated upon activated endothelium, furthermore the presence of VCAM-1 on microparticles is known. S100A12, a calcium binding protein part of the S100 family, is shown to be present on circulating leukocytes and is thought a sensitive marker to local inflammatory process, which may be driven by oxidative stress. Eight healthy males were subjected to breathing hypoxic air (15% O(2), approximately equivalent to 3000 metres altitude) for 80 minutes in a temperature controlled laboratory and venous blood samples were processed immediately for VCAM-1 microparticles (VCAM-1 MP) and S100A12 association with leukocytes by flow cytometry. A pre-hypoxic blood sample was used for comparison. Both VCAM-1 MP and S100A12 association with neutrophils were significantly elevated post hypoxic breathing later declining to levels observed in the pre-test samples. A similar trend was observed in both cases and a correlation may exist between these two markers in response to hypoxia. These data offer evidence using novel markers of endothelial and circulating blood responses to hypoxia.
2013-06-28T11:09:41Z
2013-06-28T11:09:41Z
2009
Article
Vince, R.V., Chrismas, B.C., Midgley, A.W., McNaughton, L.R., & Madden, L.A. (2009) 'Hypoxia mediated release of endothelial microparticles and increased association of S100A12 with circulating neutrophils', Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2(1), pp. 2-6
1942-0994
20046638
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/294856
Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
PMC2763224
en
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2763224/
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2951222020-04-23T07:32:02Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
Exercise-induced dehydration with and without environmental heat stress results in increased oxidative stress
Hillman, Angela R.
Vince, Rebecca V.
Taylor, Lee
McNaughton, Lars R.
Mitchell, Nigel
Siegler, Jason C.
C600 Sports Science
While in vitro work has revealed that dehydration and hyperthermia can elicit increased cellular and oxidative stress, in vivo research linking dehydration, hyperthermia, and oxidative stress is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise-induced dehydration with and without hyperthermia on oxidative stress. Seven healthy male, trained cyclists (power output (W) at lactate threshold (LT): 199 ± 19 W) completed 90 min of cycling exercise at 95% LT followed by a 5-km time trial (TT) in 4 trials: (i) euhydration in a warm environment (EU-W, control), (ii) dehydration in a warm environment (DE-W), (iii) euhydration in a thermoneutral environment (EU-T), and (iv) dehydration in a thermoneutral environment (DE-T) (W: 33.9 ± 0.9 °C; T: 23.0 ± 1.0 °C). Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) increased significantly postexercise in dehydration trials only (DE-W: p < 0.01, DE-T: p = 0.03), and while not significant, total glutathione (TGSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) tended to increase postexercise in dehydration trials (p = 0.08 for both). Monocyte heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) concentration was increased (p = 0.01) while lymphocyte HSP32 concentration was decreased for all trials (p = 0.02). Exercise-induced dehydration led to an increase in GSSG concentration while maintenance of euhydration attenuated these increases regardless of environmental condition. Additionally, we found evidence of increased cellular stress (measured via HSP) during all trials independent of hydration status and environment. Finally, both 90-min and 5-km TT performances were reduced during only the DE-W trial, likely a result of combined cellular stress, hyperthermia, and dehydration. These findings highlight the importance of fluid consumption during exercise to attenuate thermal and oxidative stress during prolonged exercise in the heat.
2013-07-03T08:04:58Z
2013-07-03T08:04:58Z
2011
Article
Hillman, A.R., Vince, R., Taylor, L., McNaughton, L., Mitchell, N. and Sigler, J. (2011) 'Exercise-induced dehydration with and without environmental heat stress results in increased oxidative stress', Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 36(5), pp.698-706
1715-5312
1715-5320
10.1139/h11-080
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/295122
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
en
http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/h11-080
NRC Research Press
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2950582020-04-23T07:32:29Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
Microparticle-associated vascular adhesion molecule-1 and tissue factor follow a circadian rhythm in healthy human subjects
Madden, Leigh A.
Vince, Rebecca V.
Sandström, Marie E.
Taylor, Lee
McNaughton, Lars R.
Laden, Gerard
C600 Sports Science
Adolescent
Adult
Biological Markers
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cell Membrane Structures
Circadian Rhythm
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Flow Cytometry
Humans
Male
Reference Values
Thromboplastin
Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
An increased risk of death or severe injury due to late-morning thrombotic events is well established. Tissue factor (TF) is the initiator of the coagulation cascade, and endothelial stresses, coupled with production of pro-coagulant microparticles (MP) are also important factors in loss of haemostasis. TF and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) -positive cell microparticles were assessed periodically over a 24-hour (h) period in healthy human subjects to ascertain if they followed a circadian rhythm. Eleven healthy male subjects were assessed in a temperature-controlled environment with dietary intake consistent between subjects. Blood samples were taken every 4 h by venipuncture, and TF and VCAM-1 positive microparticles were quantified by flow cytometry. A significant circadian rhythm was observed in VCAM-1 MP (p=or<0.0001), and a trend was shown, although not statistically significant (p=0.065) in TF microparticles. A peak was observed at 9 a.m. for VCAM-1 positive MP, followed by a decrease and subsequent peak at 9 p.m. and a minimum at 5 a.m. TF-positive MP followed a strikingly similar trend in both variation and absolute numbers with a delay. A circadian rhythm was observed in VCAM-1 and less so TF-positive MP. This has significant implications in terms of the well known increased risk of cardiovascular thrombotic events matching this data. To our knowledge this is the first such report of quantified measurements of these MP over a 24-h period and the only measurement of a 24-h variation of in-vivo blood-borne TF.
2013-07-02T15:57:19Z
2013-07-02T15:57:19Z
2008-05
Article
Madden, L. A., Vince, R. V., Sandstrom, M. E., Taylor, L., McNaughton, L. and Laden, G. (2008) 'Microparticle-associated vascular adhesion molecule-i and tissue factor follow a circadian rhythm in healthy human subjects', Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 99, pp. 909-915.
0340-6245
18449421
10.1160TH008-01-0030
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/295058
Thrombosis and haemostasis
en
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18449421
Archived with thanks to Thrombosis and haemostasis
Schattauer
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2950572020-04-23T08:42:09Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
Pre-exercise alkalosis attenuates the heat shock protein 72 response to a single-bout of anaerobic exercise
Peart, Daniel J.
McNaughton, Lars R.
Midgley, Adrian W.
Taylor, Lee
Towlson, Christopher
Madden, Leigh A.
Vince, Rebecca V.
C600 Sports Science
Adult
Alkalosis
Athletic Performance
Exercise
Exercise Test
HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins
Humans
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Lactic Acid
Lymphocytes
Male
Monocytes
Oxidative Stress
Sodium Bicarbonate
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances
Young Adult
The heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) response following exercise is well documented, however, little is known on whether the expression may be mediated by the ingestion of ergogenic aids prior to performance. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO(3)) ingestion on monocyte and lymphocyte expressed HSP72 and oxidative stress for 4-h post exercise. Seven active males (22.3 ± 2.9 years, 181.6 ± 4.5 cm, 78.1 ± 8.1 kg) performed a 4-min 'all-out' cycle test following a dose of 0.3 g kg(-1) body mass of NaHCO(3), or an equimolar placebo dose of sodium chloride. HSP72 was measured by flow cytometry and oxidative stress was determined via plasma thiobarbituric acid substances (TBARS) analysis. The NaHCO(3) ingestion significantly increased blood pH (p<0.001), bicarbonate (p<0.001) and base excess (p<0.001) pre-exercise. Despite this there was no evidence of a significantly improved exercise performance when compared with the placebo trials (p ≥ 0.26) (means ± SD; average power 292 ± 43 W vs. 291 ± 50 W; peak power 770 ± 218 W vs. 775 ± 211 W; work completed 71 ± 10 kJ vs. 68 ± 10 kJ). Monocyte expressed HSP72 was significantly lower under experimental conditions during the 4-h post-exercise (p=0.013), as was plasma TBARS (p<0.001). These findings suggest that pre-exercise alkalosis can attenuate the stress response to a single bout of anaerobic exercise.
2013-07-02T15:53:55Z
2013-07-02T15:53:55Z
2011-09
Article
Peart, D. McNaughton, L. Midgley, A. Taylor, L. Towlson, C. Madden, L. and Vince, R. (2011) 'Pre-exercise alkalosis attenuates the heat shock protein 72 response to a single-bout of anaerobic exercise', Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 14, pp. 435-440.
1878-1861
21498114
10.1016/j.jsams.2011.03.006
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/295057
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
en
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21498114
Elsevier
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2950702020-04-23T07:33:29Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
Variation in basal heat shock protein 70 is correlated to core temperature in human subjects.
Sandström, Marie E.
Madden, Leigh A.
Taylor, Lee
Siegler, Jason C.
Lovell, Ric J.
Midgley, Adrian W.
McNaughton, Lars R.
C600 Sports Science
Adolescent
Body Temperature
Circadian Rhythm
HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins
Heart Rate
Humans
Male
Monocytes
Young Adult
Heat shock proteins are highly conserved proteins and play an important chaperone role in aiding the folding of nascent proteins within cells. The heat shock protein response to various stressors, both in vitro and in vivo, is well characterised. However, basal levels of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) have not previously been investigated. Monocyte-expressed Hsp70 was determined every 4 h, over a 24 h time period, in 17 healthy male subjects (177 +/- 6.4 cm, 75.7 +/- 10.9 kg, 19.8 +/- 4.3 years) within a temperature and activity controlled environment. Core temperature was measured at 5-min intervals during the 24 h period. Hsp70 showed significant diurnal variation (F = 7.4; p < 0.001), demonstrating peaks at 0900 and 2100 hours, and a nadir at 05.00. Core temperature followed a similar temporal trend (range = 35.96-38.10 degrees C) and was significantly correlated with Hsp70 expression (r(s) = 0.44; p < 0.001). These findings suggest a high responsiveness of Hsp70 expression in monocytes to slight variations in core temperature.
2013-07-02T15:41:53Z
2013-07-02T15:41:53Z
2009-07
Article
Sandstrom, M. E., Madden, L. A., Taylor, L., Siegler, J. C., Lovell, R. J., Midgley, A. W. & Mcnaughton, L. (2009) 'Variation in basal heat shock protein 70 is correlated to core temperature in human subjects', Amino Acids, 37 (2), pp. 279-284.
1438-2199
18665435
10.1007/s00726-008-0144-4
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/295070
Amino acids
en
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00726-008-0144-4
Springer
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/2950692020-04-23T07:33:32Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
Release of VCAM-1 associated endothelial microparticles following simulated SCUBA dives.
Vince, Rebecca V.
McNaughton, Lars R.
Taylor, Lee
Midgley, Adrian W.
Laden, Gerard
Madden, Leigh A.
C600 Sports Science
Cell-Derived Microparticles
Diving
Endothelium, Vascular
Flow Cytometry
Humans
Oxidative Stress
Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
Microparticles (MP) are shed into the circulation from endothelium following activation or apoptosis. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is expressed on endothelial cells following activation and here we report quantification of VCAM-1 positive microparticles (VCAM + MP) following simulated SCUBA dives, breathing either air or oxygen. VCAM + MP were quantified pre-dive (09:00 and 13:00) and post-dive (+1, +3 and +15 h) on both air and oxygen dives and compared with control samples taken from the same subjects. VCAM + MP followed a similar trend in all experiments, however both dives caused a change in endothelial state, as measured by VCAM + MP. A significant increase in VCAM + MP was observed 1 h post-air dive relative to the control (p = 0.013), which was not observed after the oxygen dive (p = 0.095). Oxidative stress (TBARS) was correlated with VCAM + MP. Data presented highlights the potential of MP as a biological marker of both endothelial state and decompression illness.
2013-07-02T15:18:48Z
2013-07-02T15:18:48Z
2009-03
Article
Vince, R. V., McNaughton, L., Taylor, L., Midgley, A. W., Laden, G. & Madden, L. A. (2009) 'Release of vcam-1 associated endothelial microparticles following simulated scuba dives', European Journal of Applied Physiology, 105 (4), pp. 507-513
1439-6327
19002703
10.1007/s00421-008-0927-z
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/295069
European journal of applied physiology
en
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19002703
Archived with thanks to European journal of applied physiology
Springer
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/5785722020-04-23T07:34:16Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
Effects of exercise intensity on salivary antimicrobial proteins and markers of stress in active men
Allgrove, Judith E.
Gomes, Elisa
Hough, John
Gleeson, Michael
Loughborough University
saliva flow rate
immunoglobulin A
lysozyme
chromogranin A
exercise intensity
sports science
stress
In the present study, we assessed the effects of exercise intensity on salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) and salivary lysozyme (s-Lys) and examined how these responses were associated with salivary markers of adrenal activation. Using a randomized design, 10 healthy active men participated in three experimental cycling trials: 50% maximal oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O2max), 75%[Vdot]O2max, and an incremental test to exhaustion. The durations of the trials were the same as for a preliminary incremental test to exhaustion (22.3 min, s x = 0.8). Timed, unstimulated saliva samples were collected before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 1 h after exercise. In the incremental exhaustion trial, the secretion rates of both s-IgA and s-Lys were increased. An increase in s-Lys secretion rate was also observed at 75%[Vdot]O2max. No significant changes in saliva flow rate were observed in any trial. Cycling at 75%[Vdot]O2max and to exhaustion increased the secretion of α-amylase and chromogranin A immediately after exercise; higher cortisol values at 75%[Vdot]O2max and in the incremental exhaustion trial compared with 50%[Vdot]O2max were observed 1 h immediately after exercise only. These findings suggest that short-duration, high-intensity exercise increases the secretion rate of s-IgA and s-Lys despite no change in the saliva flow rate. These effects appear to be associated with changes in sympathetic activity and not the hypothalamic – pituitary – adrenal axis.
2015-09-22T08:40:58Z
2015-09-22T08:40:58Z
2008-04
Article
Allgrove, J.E., Gomes, E., Hough, J., Gleeson, M. (2008) 'Effects of exercise intensity on salivary antimicrobial proteins and markers of stress in active men' Journal of Sports Sciences 26 (6):653
0264-0414
1466-447X
18344136
10.1080/02640410701716790
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/578572
Journal of Sports Sciences
en
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02640410701716790
Taylor & Francis
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/5946002020-04-23T07:33:27Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
An elevation of resting metabolic rate with declining health in nonagenarians may be associated with decreased muscle mass and function in women and men, respectively.
Kim, Sangkyu
Welsh, David A.
Ravussin, Eric
Welsch, Michael A.
Cherry, Katie E.
Myers, Leann
Jazwinski, S. Michal
Tulane University Health Sciences Center
Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center
Pennington Biomedical Research Center
Louisiana State University
age
aging
energy metabolism
frailty
ageing
Activities of Daily Living
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Aging
Basal Metabolism
Body Mass Index
Energy Metabolism
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Muscle, Skeletal
Rest
Sarcopenia
Young Adult
Previously, we showed that FI34, a frailty index based on 34 health and function ability variables, is heritable and a reliable phenotypic indicator of healthy aging. We have now examined the relationship between major components of energy expenditure and the FI34 in participants of the Louisiana Healthy Aging Study. Resting metabolic rate was associated with FI34, even after adjustment for fat-free mass, fat mass, age, sex, thyroid hormones, and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels, in multiple regression analyses. In contrast, there was no association between total daily energy expenditure and FI34. Circulating creatine phosphokinase, a clinical marker of muscle damage, was also significantly associated with FI34. However, these associations of resting metabolic rate with FI34 were restricted to the oldest old (≥90 years) and absent in younger age groups. In oldest old men, the association of FI34 with creatine phosphokinase persisted, whereas in the oldest old women, only the association with resting metabolic rate pertained with the appearance of an effect of body size and composition. These results point toward an increasing metabolic burden for the maintenance of homeodynamics as health declines in nonagenarians, and this has implications for contraction of metabolic reserve that may potentially accelerate the path to disability.
2016-01-22T13:35:24Z
2016-01-22T13:35:24Z
2014-06
Article
Kim, S. et al (2014) 'An elevation of resting metabolic rate with declining health in nonagenarians may be associated with decreased muscle mass and function in women and men, respectively' J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 69 (6):650-6
1758-535X
24162336
10.1093/gerona/glt150
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/594600
The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences
PMC4022095
en
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4022095/
http://biomedgerontology.oxfordjournals.org/content/69/6/650.short
Archived with thanks to The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences
Oxford University Press
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/5946022020-04-23T07:33:27Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
Effects of handgrip training with venous restriction on brachial artery vasodilation
Credeur, Daniel P.
Hollis, Brandon C.
Welsch, Michael A.
Louisiana State University
resistance training
handgrip
Previous studies have shown that resistance training with restricted venous blood flow (Kaatsu) results in significant strength gains and muscle hypertrophy. However, few studies have examined the concurrent vascular responses following restrictive venous blood flow training protocols.
2016-01-22T13:50:44Z
2016-01-22T13:50:44Z
2010-07
Article
Effects of Handgrip Training with Venous Restriction on Brachial Artery Vasodilation 2010, 42 (7):1296 Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
0195-9131
10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181ca7b06
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/594602
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
PMC2903220
en
http://content.wkhealth.com/linkback/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage&an=00005768-201007000-00009
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2903220/
Archived with thanks to Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Wolters Kluwer/ Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/5946142020-04-23T07:34:19Zcom_10547_132196col_10547_132228
Estimation of abdominal fat compartments by bioelectrical impedance: the validity of the ViScan measurement system in comparison with MRI
Thomas, E. Louise
Collins, Adam L.
McCarthy, John
Fitzpatrick, Julie
Durighel, Giuliana
Goldstone, Anthony P.
Bell, Jimmy D.
Imperial College, London
University of Surrey
University of Bedfordshire
abdominal adiposity
intra-abdominal adipose tissue
whole-body MRI
intra-hepatocellular lipid
bioimpedance
Abdominal Fat
Adult
Body Mass Index
Cross-Sectional Studies
Electric Impedance
Female
Humans
Intra-Abdominal Fat
Lipid Metabolism
Liver
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Middle Aged
Obesity, Abdominal
Reference Values
Reproducibility of Results
Subcutaneous Fat
Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal
Young Adult
Abdominal obesity, more specifically increased intra-abdominal adipose tissue, is strongly associated with increased risk of metabolic disease. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has been proposed as a potential method of determining individual abdominal fat compartments in the form of the commercially available ViScan measurement system (Tanita Corporation), but it has yet to be independently validated. The objective of this study was to analyse the validity of the ViScan to assess adult abdominal adiposity across a range of body fatness.
2016-01-22T13:54:52Z
2016-01-22T13:54:52Z
2010-05
Article
Thomas, E.L. et al (2010) 'Estimation of abdominal fat compartments by bioelectrical impedance: the validity of the ViScan measurement system in comparison with MRI'. European Journal of Clinical Nutritions 64 (5):525-33
1476-5640
20354558
10.1038/ejcn.2010.18
http://hdl.handle.net/10547/594614
European journal of clinical nutrition
en
http://www.nature.com/ejcn/journal/v64/n5/abs/ejcn201018a.html
Nature Publishing Group